Version: SDK V2

Smart Account Contract

Heart of the Biconomy SDK AA Eco-system

This is the actual implementation of the Smart Account.

It acts as a Singleton as it is deployed only once and all the actual user Smart Accounts are deployed as Proxies, which send delegatecalls to the Singleton Implementation.

It inherits from theBaseSmartAccount.sol contract, that defines the EIP-4337 specified IAccount interface. It also implements function definitions, that are specified in the BaseAccount.sol

You'll find the description of the most important functions and design choices below.

Constructor

constructor(IEntryPoint anEntryPoint) {
        _self = address(this);
        // By setting the owner it is not possible to call init anymore,
        // so we create an account with fixed non-zero owner.
        // This is an unusable account, perfect for the singleton
        owner = address(0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE);
        if (address(anEntryPoint) == address(0))
            revert EntryPointCannotBeZero();
        _entryPoint = anEntryPoint;
        _chainId = block.chainid;
    }

_self, chainId, and _entryPoint are immutable storage variables. They are the cheapest to use, that's why we decided to store chainId instead of calling for it dynamically.
Entry Point address is stored in the _entryPoint variable and is immutable. That means every time there's a new Entry Point deployed, it will be required for Smart Accounts to upgrade to a new implementation that works with the new EP. Actually, introducing a new EP will be more like deploying the new hardfork, so it won't happen often.
The owner is set not as address(0) but as some random address because ECDSA signature verification algorithm can return address(0) as a signer for some of the invalid signatures.

init()

Is the method for initializing the Smart Account proxy with initial states. It sets the owner address, and the fallback handler address. It also initiates the _setupModules procedure.

function init(address _owner, address _handler) external virtual override {
if (owner != address(0)) revert AlreadyInitialized(address(this));
if (_owner == address(0)) revert OwnerCannotBeZero();
owner = _owner;
_setFallbackHandler(_handler);
_setupModules(address(0), bytes(""));

}

handlePayment()

Private method to be used to transfer ERC20 tokens from Smart Account to the refund receiver. Is used to perform gas payment with ERC20 tokens.

function handlePayment(
uint256 gasUsed,
uint256 baseGas,
uint256 gasPrice,
uint256 tokenGasPriceFactor,
address gasToken,
address payable refundReceiver
) private returns (uint256 payment)

Parametres

Name	Type	Description
gasUsed	uint256	gas units to be accounted for fee calculation (passed on from main transactional method execTransaction)
baseGas	uint256	gas units to be accounted for other actions
gasPrice	uint256	gasPrice or tokenGasPrice
tokenGasPriceFactor	uint256	indicates decimals of fee token
gasToken	address	address of the gas token (0x for native)
refundReceiver	address	refund receiver

Return Values

Name	Type	Description
Payment	uint256	gas token refund amount

There's also handlePaymentRevert function that always reverts with the gas amount that was spent to execute the potential refund. It is used to estimate gas usage of the refund procedure itself without actually sending the refund.

execTransaction_S6W() This is the main method to dispatch transactions from the Smart account to dApp's contracts using the owner's signature. Operates with the Safe (previously Gnosis Safe) style transactions with optional repayment in native tokens or ERC20 tokens.

The name is optimized to make the function signature start with zeros, in order for it to be at the beginning of the routing table and allow for cheaper public calls.

For consistency, there's also an execTransaction() function that just calls the execTransaction_S6W.

function execTransaction_S6W(
        Transaction memory _tx,
        FeeRefund memory refundInfo,
        bytes memory signatures
    ) public payable virtual nonReentrant returns (bool success)

Parameters

struct Transaction {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        Enum.Operation operation; // call or delegate call
        uint256 targetTxGas; // gasLimit for internal transaction
    }

struct FeeRefund {
        uint256 baseGas;
        uint256 gasPrice; //gasPrice or tokenGasPrice
        uint256 tokenGasPriceFactor;
        address gasToken;
        address payable refundReceiver;
    }

Name	Type	Description
_tx	Transaction	Smart Account transaction as described above
refundInfo	FeeRefund	as described above
signatures	bytes	required owner signature

Returns Success or Failure bool and Emits Following Events

event ExecutionFailure(address to, uint256 value, bytes data, Enum.Operation operation, uint256 txGas);
event ExecutionSuccess(address to, uint256 value, bytes data, Enum.Operation operation, uint256 txGas)

setOwner()

Allows to rotate signing kets. Definition below:

function setOwner(address _newOwner) external mixedAuth
modifier mixedAuth {
       require(msg.sender == owner || msg.sender == address(this),"Only owner or self");
       _;
  }

mixedAuth is onlyOwner OR self (allows transaction from social recovery module via Guardians!) modifier mixedAuth

updateImplementation()

Allows to update the implementation when called from a Proxy via delegatecall. New implementation must be a smart contract.

function updateImplementation(address _implementation) public virtual mixedAuth

checkSignatures()

Checks whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data hash. Revert otherwise.

Works with several types of signatures, such as: contract signatures, eth_sign derived signatures and regular ECDSA signatures. Used by the execTransaction() in a non-EIP-4337 flow.

function checkSignatures(
        bytes32 dataHash,
        bytes memory signatures
    ) public view virtual

requiredTxGas()

Allows to estimate a transaction. This method is only meant for estimation purpose, therefore the call will always revert and encode the result in the revert data. Biconomy SDK backend has the API to estimate gas using above method

function requiredTxGas(
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data,
        Enum.Operation operation
    ) external returns (uint256)

executeCall(), executeBatchCall()

And their optimized names implementations: executeBatchCall_4by and executeCall_s1m.

Are called by an Entry Point in a EIP-4337 flow to execute arbitrary transactions on behalf of the Smart Account.

validateUserOp()

Located in BaseSmartAccount.sol Implements IAccount interface by EIP-4337.

function validateUserOp(
        UserOperation calldata userOp,
        bytes32 userOpHash,
        uint256 missingAccountFunds
    ) external virtual override returns (uint256 validationData) {
        if (msg.sender != address(entryPoint()))
            revert CallerIsNotAnEntryPoint(msg.sender);
        validationData = _validateSignature(userOp, userOpHash);
        if (userOp.initCode.length == 0) {
            _validateAndUpdateNonce(userOp);
        }
        _payPrefund(missingAccountFunds);
    }

_validateSignature()

Implements the template method of BaseAccount and validates the user's signature for a given operation.

If the calldata field in the UserOp encodes the call to this Smart Account module, we pass the signature verification flow to the Module's validateSignature method. This design allows for alternative signing schemes, such as secp256r1 (passkeys) and others.

function _validateSignature(
        UserOperation calldata userOp,
        bytes32 userOpHash
    ) internal virtual override returns (uint256 validationData) {
        // below changes need formal verification.
        bytes calldata userOpData = userOp.callData;
        if (userOpData.length > 0) {
            bytes4 methodSig = bytes4(userOpData[:4]);
            // If method to be called is executeCall then only check for module transaction
            if (methodSig == this.executeCall.selector) {
                (address _to, uint _amount, bytes memory _data) = abi.decode(
                    userOpData[4:],
                    (address, uint, bytes)
                );
                if (address(modules[_to]) != address(0))
                    return IModule(_to).validateSignature(userOp, userOpHash);
            }
        }
        bytes32 hash = userOpHash.toEthSignedMessageHash();
        if (owner != hash.recover(userOp.signature))
            return SIG_VALIDATION_FAILED;
        return 0;
    }

isValidSignature()

This function allows for signature verification according to EIP-1271.

This method can be called by off-chain entities to verify if the contract recognizes the provided signature as valid or not. That allows for a seamless login experience with signed messages like the one by OpenSea to be available for Smart Accounts as well.

If there's an active module for this Smart Account that has got signature verification flow passed to, _dataHash and **_signature will be passed to its isValidSignature method. This allows for alternative signing schemes not only in course of EIP-4337 userOps executions but for all kinds of Smart Account interactions with various dApps.

function isValidSignature(
        bytes32 _dataHash,
        bytes memory _signature
    )

Smart Account Contract

Constructor​

Parametres​

Return Values​

Parameters​

Returns Success or Failure bool and Emits Following Events​

Constructor

Parametres

Return Values

Parameters

Returns Success or Failure bool and Emits Following Events